Pichwai

Pichwai painting originated in Nathdwara, Rajasthan, in the 17th century, following the relocation of the idol of Shrinathji (a form of Krishna) from Mathura to Rajasthan. The word Pichwai means "that which hangs behind" — these paintings were created specifically as backdrops for the Shrinathji idol, changing with the seasons and festivals to depict different episodes from Krishna's life.

Traditionally, Pichwais were commissioned by the Nathdwara temple and by wealthy Vaishnava devotees. The scale and complexity of Pichwai — often several metres wide — made them among the most ambitious painting projects in Indian art. A single Pichwai could take a workshop of artists months to complete.

Today, Pichwai is practised by artists based in Nathdwara and has become one of the most sought-after forms of Indian art among collectors globally. Contemporary artists have expanded the tradition to include works on paper and canvas at smaller scales, making these paintings accessible to a wider audience.

Traditional Pichwais are painted on cloth using natural dyes and gold paint, with the composition centred on a stylised face of Shrinathji (only the face and hands are visible — the rest of the idol is draped). The characteristic lotus motifs, cows, gopis, and peacocks are arranged in elaborate symmetrical compositions.

The painting process involves preparing the cloth with a starch base, transferring the composition, and then painstakingly filling each section with natural colours. Gold paint is applied for decorative borders and highlights. The completed work is given a final polish to bring out the depth of colour.